microsyringe 33g hamilton Search Results


microsyringe 33g hamilton  (Hamilton Company)
98
Hamilton Company microsyringe 33g hamilton
Microsyringe 33g Hamilton, supplied by Hamilton Company, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 98/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/10__7554_slash_elife__65228-252-47-49?v=Hamilton+Company
Average 98 stars, based on 1 article reviews
microsyringe 33g hamilton - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
98/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
microliter neuros syringe, small rn  (Hamilton Company)
99
Hamilton Company microliter neuros syringe, small rn
Microliter Neuros Syringe, Small Rn, supplied by Hamilton Company, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/custom%4065460-02%4010%2E64898%2F2026%2E07%2E23%2E740162?v=Hamilton+Company
Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
microliter neuros syringe, small rn - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
99/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
33 gauge, small hub rn needle, custom length (0.4 to 12 in), point style 2, 3, or 4, 6-pk  (Hamilton Company)
98
Hamilton Company 33 gauge, small hub rn needle, custom length (0.4 to 12 in), point style 2, 3, or 4, 6-pk
33 Gauge, Small Hub Rn Needle, Custom Length (0.4 To 12 In), Point Style 2, 3, Or 4, 6 Pk, supplied by Hamilton Company, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 98/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/custom%407803-05%4030416050?v=Hamilton+Company
Average 98 stars, based on 1 article reviews
33 gauge, small hub rn needle, custom length (0.4 to 12 in), point style 2, 3, or 4, 6-pk - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
98/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
microliter microsyringe  (Hamilton Company)
99
Hamilton Company microliter microsyringe
Microliter Microsyringe, supplied by Hamilton Company, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc05865109-235-6-8?v=Hamilton+Company
Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
microliter microsyringe - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
99/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
33g stainless steel internal cannula plastic one  (PlasticsOne inc)
90
PlasticsOne inc 33g stainless steel internal cannula plastic one
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
33g Stainless Steel Internal Cannula Plastic One, supplied by PlasticsOne inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc08692436-276-5-10?v=PlasticsOne+inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
33g stainless steel internal cannula plastic one - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
syringe  (Neuros Medical Inc)
86
Neuros Medical Inc syringe
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
Syringe, supplied by Neuros Medical Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc08192659-98-7-13?v=Neuros+Medical+Inc
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
syringe - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
33-g injector  (PlasticsOne inc)
90
PlasticsOne inc 33-g injector
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
33 G Injector, supplied by PlasticsOne inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc03680699-79-14-16?v=PlasticsOne+inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
33-g injector - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
33-g stainless steel internal cannula  (PlasticsOne inc)
90
PlasticsOne inc 33-g stainless steel internal cannula
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
33 G Stainless Steel Internal Cannula, supplied by PlasticsOne inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc02824010-76-14-19?v=PlasticsOne+inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
33-g stainless steel internal cannula - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
33g needle  (Hamilton Company)
99
Hamilton Company 33g needle
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
33g Needle, supplied by Hamilton Company, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc06294071__mmc1-54-28-42?v=Hamilton+Company
Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
33g needle - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
99/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
stereomicroscope  (Carl Zeiss)
97
Carl Zeiss stereomicroscope
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
Stereomicroscope, supplied by Carl Zeiss, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc10020422-47-31-32?v=Carl+Zeiss
Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
stereomicroscope - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
97/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
microinfusion pump  (Harvard Bioscience)
90
Harvard Bioscience microinfusion pump
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
Microinfusion Pump, supplied by Harvard Bioscience, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/pmc06729643-143-32-34?v=Harvard+Bioscience
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
microinfusion pump - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier
flexible polyvinyl chloride tubing  (PlasticsOne inc)
90
PlasticsOne inc flexible polyvinyl chloride tubing
Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single <t>33G</t> microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.
Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride Tubing, supplied by PlasticsOne inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/microsyringe+33g+hamilton/10__1017_slash_s1461145713000370-72-15-19?v=PlasticsOne+inc
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
flexible polyvinyl chloride tubing - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single 33G microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Neurokinin receptor mechanisms in forebrain medial septum modulate nociception in the formalin model of inflammatory pain

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03661-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microinjection of Substance P (SP) into medial septum (MS) evokes a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude of CA1 population spike (PS) in anaesthetised animals. ( a ) Representative microinjection site in the MS (left) or the lateral septum (LS, right). The microinjection site was identified by the needle track and/or observation of the dye spot. Demarcation between MS and LS was based on the atlas of rat brain by Paxinos and Watson (2007). Scale bar represents 1 mm. ( b ) Composite of microinjection sites in the septal region. SP (1 or 2 µg/µl, 0.5 µl) or the corresponding vehicle was microinjected into either MS or LS via a single 33G microinjection stainless steel needle coupled to a microsyringe. Number at bottom of each panel represents distance from Bregma. Note the distribution of microinjection sites along the anterior–posterior and medio-lateral extent of the septal region. ( c ) The PS traces depicting the representative PS before (-1 min) and after (5 min) SP microinjection. Numbers next to each trace reflect the PS amplitude. Arrow indicates microinjection of SP. ( d ) Time course of the effect of intraseptal SP on the amplitude of CA1 PS. A given concentration of SP (or vehicle) was microinjected thrice with at least 1 h between microinjections. Since the effect of repeated injections at a given dose (1 or 2 µg/µl) and at the selected site (MS or LS) were comparable, an average response for that dose and site was built by averaging the time course for the three microinjections in a given experiment and then for the entire group. Time of microinjection is given by the dashed vertical line at 0 min. ( e ) Histogram illustrating the average amplitude of PS in first 5 min after microinjection expressed as a percentage of the control PS amplitude (average of PS amplitude in − 2 and − 1 min). Data are mean ± S.E.M. Significant difference (p < 0.05): ( d ) *‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; # ‘1 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘Vehicle MS/LS’ group; ^‘2 µg/µl SP MS’ group vs. ‘2 µg/µl SP LS’ group; two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. ( e ) *vs. Vehicle MS/LS; ^vs. 2 µg/µl SP LS; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: Drugs were administered via a 33G stainless steel internal cannula (Plastic One, Roanoke, VA, USA) connected to a microsyringe (Hamilton, USA) by a polyethylene cannula connector assembly system.

Techniques: Microinjection, Concentration Assay, Control